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progenitors and/or trans-differentiation of parenchymal liver cells ( Michalopoulos & Bhushan 2021 ). Figure 1 The liver may regenerate through several mechanisms. (A) Hepatic resection activates a process characterized by phenotypic fidelity, that is
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Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Introduction Differentiated Caco-2 cells are an accepted model of human enterocytes, and they have been essential in the understanding of the intestinal absorption and metabolism of nutrients, drugs, and toxicants in humans ( Angelis & Turco
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(ERKs) 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), and protein kinases activated by P38 mitogen involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis processes ( Azzam et al. 2002 ). Particularly, NF-κB modulates the expression of genes of the immune
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the production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8, TNF-α and IFN-β ( Rossin et al. 2019 ). The same oxysterol mixture was shown to increase the permeability of the intestinal cell monolayer in terms of both alterations of trans
Food4Future (F4F), c/o Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Grossbeeren, Germany
NutriAct Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
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Food4Future (F4F), c/o Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Grossbeeren, Germany
NutriAct Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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. Carotenoid transport after ingestion. B. Carotenoid transport across the enterocyte. SR-B1 (scavenger-receptor B1), NPC1L1 (Niemann-Pick C1-like protein 1), CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36). BCO1 (β-carotene oxygenase 1), BCO2 (β-carotene oxygenase 2), ER
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Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
Biomedical Research Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
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-binding (FRB), kinase, and FATC domains for the binding to scaffold proteins ( Yip et al. 2010 ). Rapamycin (or sirolimus) interacts with a peptidyl-propyl cis / trans isomerase called FK506-binding protein (FKBP12), and the resulting gain
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, leading to the expansion of the peripheral Treg population ( Schumacher et al. 2012 , Solano et al. 2015 ). Furthermore, HO-1 upregulation is involved in the early expansion, differentiation, and maturation of myeloid cells into macrophages ( Wegiel
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NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
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Unità di Ricerca di Geriatria, Facoltà Dipartimentale di Medicina e Chirurgia. Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma
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physiological aging ( Franceschi et al. 2000 ). Cellular senescence is a critical mechanism that contributes to aging and aging-related diseases, whereby cellular stress derived from proliferation or differentiation process results in a replicative arrest
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-1 translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in human HL-60 leukemia cells, which might promote transcription of its target proteins responsible for cell differentiation ( Li et al. 2016 ). Under normal physiological conditions, wild-type DJ
Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
Department of Physiology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
Department of Physiology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
Department of Physiology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
Department of Physiology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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be a common mechanism of NLRP3 activation ( Pétrilli et al. 2007 , Muñoz-Planillo et al. 2013 ). In fact, trans-golgi network (TGN) disturbance has been related to the activation of NLRP3 through K + -dependent and K + -independent NLRP3
