Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
Department of Physiology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
Department of Physiology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
Department of Physiology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
Department of Physiology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Introduction Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by an abnormal host response to an infection that produces altered physiological responses damaging patients’ own tissues and results in organ dysfunction and death ( Singer et al
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Graphical abstract
Abstract
Chronic wounds take longer to heal and, if left untreated, can result in severe repercussions such as sepsis, gangrene, and amputation. The current treatment procedures followed are wound cleaning and debridement, specialized dressings, antibiotics and antiseptics, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and vacuum-assisted wound closure. Some of the limitations of these treatment options are multidrug resistance and tissue toxicity. Cold plasma is an emerging technology that has opened a new frontier in biomedical applications and is found to have great utility in wound healing. Cold plasma comprises reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) that can be targeted against bacterial inactivation and improve wound healing. The amount of RONS produced can be controlled by several parameters such as gas composition, flow rate, power, frequency, voltage, distance, and exposure time. The reactive species causes damage to the cell membrane as well as the intracellular components which ultimately lead to bacterial cell death. It can also accelerate wound healing by activating neutrophils, macrophages, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts. These help in maintaining tissue oxygenation, initiating angiogenesis, collagen synthesis which aids in rapid wound closure. In this review, we summarize the various characteristics of cold plasma that can be optimized to produce an effective antimicrobial effect. The different mechanisms of bacterial inactivation and the stimulation of wound healing processes by the reactive species are discussed. Furthermore, numerous pieces of evidence from in vitro and in vivo experiments and clinical trials that prove that cold plasma is an effective approach are presented.
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to counteract sepsis ( Beltrán-García et al. 2022 ), in the dysfunction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase occurring in vascular diseases ( Negre-Salvayre et al. 2022 ), in liver regeneration ( Bellanti et al. 2022 ), in the complex
PULSALYS SATT Lyon-Saint Etienne, Villeurbanne, France
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) Sepsis-induced acute liver injury - Controlled release at the inflammation site in sepsis-induced acute liver murine model after oral administration Chen et al. (2017) - Reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation and liver injuries in
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( Tsuboi et al. 2008 ). Moreover, increased levels of secreted DJ-1, for example, into serum, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid have been observed in patients with sepsis ( Amatullah et al. 2017 ), breast cancer ( Tsuchiya et al. 2012 ), strokes
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.1038/nature01323 ) Lowes DA & Galley HF 2011 Mitochondrial protection by the thioredoxin-2 and glutathione systems in an in vitro endothelial model of sepsis . Biochemical Journal 436 123 – 132 . ( https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20102135 ) Lu J
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-hepatocyte metabolic coordination in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and sepsis . Journal of Clinical Investigation 131 e135197. ( https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI135197 ) Huang DQ El-Serag HB Loomba R 2021 Global epidemiology of NAFLD-related HCC: trends
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Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA
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regulator of the innate immune response and survival during experimental sepsis . Journal of Clinical Investigation 116 984 – 995 . ( https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI25790 ) Thorley J Thomas C Bailey SJ Martin NRW Bishop NC & Clifford T 2023a
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Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA
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species induction, followed by oxidation of protein and lipid molecules in mouse pancreatic acinar cells ( Estaras, 2020 #115). α-aminoadipic acid derivative, 2 amino adipic acid has been demonstrated to be a major marker for aging, sepsis, and protein
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/GSSG ratio is measured after cellular stimulation to determine the state of oxidative stress within biological systems. Indeed, alterations in this data coincide with dysfunctions including inflammation, autoimmune diseases, sepsis, apoptosis, aging, and
