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strongly influenced by nutritional, physical, and genetic environmental factors. In vitro studies have shown a key molecular involvement of vitamin D in skeletal muscle effort and its association with muscle pain and weakness ( Bollen et al. 2022
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-inflammatory nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, and vitamin E have been used to ameliorate sarcopenia and boost muscle functions in DM ( Mostad et al. 2006 , Amin et al. 2018 , Lee & Lim 2018 ). In addition, some anti-oxidants, including resveratrol
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and mortality rate ( Daneshkhah et al. 2020 , Rhodes et al. 2021 ). Vitamin D deficiency was suggested as a predictor of poor prognosis ( Carpagnano et al. 2021 ). Vitamin D at low levels promotes the over-activation of the renin
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modulate aging-related processes position them as promising candidates for anti-aging nutraceutical support. The significance of vitamin D in skeletal muscle function, particularly its antioxidant action in counteracting muscle dysfunction has been
Department of Translational Medicine, University of East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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biology. In the peripheral blood of humans, this oxysterol is present in the range of 0.25–0.86 µM, i.e. 100–350 µg/L ( Dzeletovic et al. 1995 ), a blood concentration higher than that of vitamin D (30–100 µg/L) ( Holick 2009 , Sempos et al . 2018
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derivative, retinoic acid, which acts a ligand in various nuclear receptors ( Chambon 1996 , Petkovich & Chambon 2022 ). Similarly, vitamin D is hydroxylated and 1,25 hydroxycholecalciferol is a ligand of the vitamin D nuclear receptor, which acts as a
Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
Department of Physiology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
Department of Physiology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
Department of Physiology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
Department of Physiology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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stress in sepsis. The strategies developed to date are diverse, from the use of cellular antioxidants such as selenium (NCT00207844) or glutamine (NCT00133978, NCT01367223) to vitamin C and vitamin D (NCT04216459) or vitamin B1 (NCT03380507), some
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C Wang Y Yu H Zhang X Wang T Wang L Hao L Qin Z Xiao R 2021 Vitamin D deficiency is associated with disrupted cholesterol homeostasis in patients with mild cognitive impairment . Journal of Nutrition 151 3865 – 3873 . ( https
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Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA
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.41 Vitamin C (mg) 33.3 ± 31.6 50.9 ± 53.7 0.36 Vitamin D (µg) 3.1 ± 3.5 3.4 ± 3.2 0.86 Vitamin E (mg) 3.8 ± 3.0 4.0 ± –1.9 0.85 Statistical significance is set at P < 0.05. CMJ, countermovement jump; SJ
